CNA certification requirements vary by state, but all training programs must meet federal minimum standards established under the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA). The requirements differ depending on where you live — including the number of required training hours, exam format, and renewal timelines. Visit one of the state links below to find the specific requirements for your state.
Programs are offered at community colleges, vocational schools, nursing homes, hospitals, and online. They vary in duration, tuition cost, and class schedule. Contact the school directly for details on curriculum and enrollment requirements.
CNA Certification Requirements by U.S. State
General CNA Certification Requirements
While requirements differ by state, the following steps apply in most states across the U.S.:
1. Complete a State-Approved Training Program
You must complete a state-approved CNA training program before sitting for the certification exam. Federal law (OBRA) requires a minimum of 75 training hours, of which at least 16 must be clinical (hands-on) hours. However, many states require significantly more — some up to 150 hours or more. Training typically takes 4 to 12 weeks to complete depending on the program and state requirements.
Programs are available in-person at nursing homes, hospitals, community colleges, and vocational schools. Many states now also accept hybrid or online programs for the classroom portion, provided the clinical hours are completed in person at an approved facility. Always confirm with your state registry that an online program is accepted before enrolling.
2. Pass a Background Check
Most states require applicants to pass a state and federal criminal background check before being allowed to sit for the exam or work in a healthcare setting. Disqualifying convictions typically include abuse, neglect, theft, and other offenses under the Health Care Worker Background Check Act. You will also need to provide proof of employment authorization (U.S. citizenship, permanent resident card, or valid work visa).
3. Apply for and Pass the State Certification Exam
After completing your training program, you must apply to take the state certification exam. You’ll typically need to submit a copy of your training certificate or school transcript. The exam consists of two parts:
- Written (or oral) competency test — covering nursing fundamentals, infection control, patient rights, anatomy, and safety
- Skills demonstration test — where you perform hands-on clinical skills in front of an evaluator
4. Join the State Nurse Aide Registry
Upon passing your exam, you will be placed on your state’s Nurse Aide Registry, which certifies you to work legally as a CNA in that state. Your certification must be renewed every 24 months in most states, and you must have completed paid nursing-related work during that period to qualify for renewal. Click here for more information on CNA recertification.
5. Working in Another State (Reciprocity)
If you want to work in a different state, you will need to apply for reciprocity with that state’s nurse aide registry. In many cases, you will not need to retake the full training program — you may only need to pass the state’s competency exam or submit verification of your current certification. Requirements vary, so always contact the destination state’s registry directly.
Job Outlook for Certified Nursing Assistants
The demand for CNAs remains strong across the United States. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, approximately 211,800 CNA job openings are projected each year through 2034, with over 1.4 million nursing assistants currently employed nationwide. The growing population of older Americans continues to drive demand for qualified nursing assistants in nursing homes, hospitals, home health agencies, and assisted living facilities.
Find CNA classes near you and take the first step toward a rewarding healthcare career today.